---
title: Japan Design Patent (Isho) for Foreign Counsel | EVORIX
description: "Japan design patent (意匠/isho) guide: scope, Hague Agreement filing, partial design, related design, examination process, and 2020 reform changes."
image: https://www.evorix.jp/hubfs/EVORIX-logo-rich.png
---

[Skip to content](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#main-content)

[![知的財産事務所エボリクス/EVORIX/大阪/特許・商標・意匠登](https://www.evorix.jp/hs-fs/hubfs/%E7%9F%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A3%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%20(500%20%C3%97%20250%20px).png?width=500&height=250&name=%E7%9F%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A3%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%20(500%20%C3%97%20250%20px).png)](https://www.evorix.jp/)

- [Services](https://www.evorix.jp/en/contents)
  
  Show submenu for Services 
  
    - [Patent Filing](https://www.evorix.jp/en/patent-service)
    - [Trademark Registration](https://www.evorix.jp/en/trademark-service)
    - [Design Registration](https://www.evorix.jp/en/design-service)
    - [Copyright](https://www.evorix.jp/en/copyright-service)
    - [Unfair Competition](https://www.evorix.jp/en/unfair-competition)
    - [Patent Attorney Advisor](https://www.evorix.jp/en/komon)
- [International Filing](https://www.evorix.jp/en/international)
  
  Show submenu for International Filing 
  
    - [PCT International Patent](https://www.evorix.jp/en/pct)
    - [Madrid Protocol Trademark](https://www.evorix.jp/en/madrid-protocol-trademark)
    - [Hague Design Application](https://www.evorix.jp/en/hague-design-application)
    - [Global Patent Systems](https://www.evorix.jp/patent-world)
    - [Global Trademark Systems](https://www.evorix.jp/trademark-world)
    - [Global Design Systems](https://www.evorix.jp/design-world)
- [Industries](https://www.evorix.jp/en/industries)
  
  Show submenu for Industries 
  
    - [For Startups](https://www.evorix.jp/en/startup)
    - [For Manufacturing](https://www.evorix.jp/en/manufacturing)
    - [For IT Companies](https://www.evorix.jp/it-ip-portal)
- [About Us](https://www.evorix.jp/en/about)
  
  Show submenu for About Us 
  
    - [Firm Overview](https://www.evorix.jp/en/about)
    - [Philosophy & Vision](https://www.evorix.jp/philosophy)
    - [Our Patent Attorneys](https://www.evorix.jp/en/staff)
    - [Locations](https://www.evorix.jp/en/access)
    - [Seminars & Lectures](https://www.evorix.jp/en/seminar)
    - [Careers](https://www.evorix.jp/en/recruit)
- [Resources](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog)
  
  Show submenu for Resources 
  
    - [Blog](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog)
    - [FAQ](https://www.evorix.jp/en/faq)
    - [IP Glossary](https://www.evorix.jp/en/glossary)
    - [Foreign Filing Subsidy Guide](https://www.evorix.jp/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%BA%E9%A1%98%E5%8A%A9%E6%88%90%E9%87%91%E3%81%AE%E3%81%94%E6%A1%88%E5%86%85)
    - [AI Draft × Patent Attorney Check](https://www.evorix.jp/ai-draft-patent-lp)
- [Contact](https://www.evorix.jp/en/inquiry)
  
  Show submenu for Contact 
  
    - [Consultation Process](https://www.evorix.jp/en/consultation)
    - [Inquiry Form](https://www.evorix.jp/en/inquiry)

Open main navigation

Close main navigation

- [Services](https://www.evorix.jp/en/contents)
  
  Show submenu for Services 
  
    - [Patent Filing](https://www.evorix.jp/en/patent-service)
    - [Trademark Registration](https://www.evorix.jp/en/trademark-service)
    - [Design Registration](https://www.evorix.jp/en/design-service)
    - [Copyright](https://www.evorix.jp/en/copyright-service)
    - [Unfair Competition](https://www.evorix.jp/en/unfair-competition)
    - [Patent Attorney Advisor](https://www.evorix.jp/en/komon)
- [International Filing](https://www.evorix.jp/en/international)
  
  Show submenu for International Filing 
  
    - [PCT International Patent](https://www.evorix.jp/en/pct)
    - [Madrid Protocol Trademark](https://www.evorix.jp/en/madrid-protocol-trademark)
    - [Hague Design Application](https://www.evorix.jp/en/hague-design-application)
    - [Global Patent Systems](https://www.evorix.jp/patent-world)
    - [Global Trademark Systems](https://www.evorix.jp/trademark-world)
    - [Global Design Systems](https://www.evorix.jp/design-world)
- [Industries](https://www.evorix.jp/en/industries)
  
  Show submenu for Industries 
  
    - [For Startups](https://www.evorix.jp/en/startup)
    - [For Manufacturing](https://www.evorix.jp/en/manufacturing)
    - [For IT Companies](https://www.evorix.jp/it-ip-portal)
- [About Us](https://www.evorix.jp/en/about)
  
  Show submenu for About Us 
  
    - [Firm Overview](https://www.evorix.jp/en/about)
    - [Philosophy & Vision](https://www.evorix.jp/philosophy)
    - [Our Patent Attorneys](https://www.evorix.jp/en/staff)
    - [Locations](https://www.evorix.jp/en/access)
    - [Seminars & Lectures](https://www.evorix.jp/en/seminar)
    - [Careers](https://www.evorix.jp/en/recruit)
- [Resources](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog)
  
  Show submenu for Resources 
  
    - [Blog](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog)
    - [FAQ](https://www.evorix.jp/en/faq)
    - [IP Glossary](https://www.evorix.jp/en/glossary)
    - [Foreign Filing Subsidy Guide](https://www.evorix.jp/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%BA%E9%A1%98%E5%8A%A9%E6%88%90%E9%87%91%E3%81%AE%E3%81%94%E6%A1%88%E5%86%85)
    - [AI Draft × Patent Attorney Check](https://www.evorix.jp/ai-draft-patent-lp)
- [Contact](https://www.evorix.jp/en/inquiry)
  
  Show submenu for Contact 
  
    - [Consultation Process](https://www.evorix.jp/en/consultation)
    - [Inquiry Form](https://www.evorix.jp/en/inquiry)
- [Contact](https://www.evorix.jp/en/inquiry)

[Contact](https://www.evorix.jp/en/inquiry)

 2026/05/24

# Japan Design Patent (Isho): Foreign Counsel Filing Guide

![Picture of Takefumi Sugiura – Japanese Patent Attorney](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/4ef5aa3d824852243e3f9a0ef7c7a511) [Takefumi Sugiura – Japanese Patent Attorney](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/author/takefumi-sugiura-japanese-patent-attorney)

Share: [facebook-f icon](http://www.facebook.com/share.php?u=https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel) [linkedin-in icon](http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel) [Twitter icon](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel) [pinterest-p icon](http://pinterest.com/pin/create/link/?url=https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel) [envelope icon](mailto:?body=https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel)

![Japan Design Patent (Isho): Foreign Counsel Filing Guide](https://www.evorix.jp/hubfs/EVORIX-logo-rich.png)

Japan offers one of the strongest design protection regimes globally, with 25-year term, partial design, related design, and Hague Agreement access. For foreign counsel handling consumer products, fashion, automotive, or electronics, Japan design patents are strategic assets that complement utility patents and trademarks.

Table of Contents

1. [Japan Design Patent Overview](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#overview)
2. [Filing via Hague Agreement](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#hague)
3. [Special Design Types](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#types)
4. [Examination Process](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#examination)
5. [Enforcement & Damages](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#enforcement)
6. [2020 Reform Updates](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#reforms)
7. [FAQ](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel#faq)

## Japan Design Patent Overview

Japan design patents protect industrial designs (意匠) — the visual appearance of articles, including shape, pattern, color, and combinations thereof. The current regime, modernized by the 2020 reform, covers:

- **Whole article designs:** The entire product appearance
- **Partial designs (部分意匠):** A portion of an article
- **Related designs (関連意匠):** Design variations under one principal
- **Graphic image designs:** GUI, icons, projected images (since 2020)
- **Building designs (建築物の意匠):** Exterior architecture (since 2020)
- **Interior designs:** Coordinated interior compositions (since 2020)

**Term Update:** Effective April 2020, the design patent term is 25 years from filing date (previously 20 years from registration). This makes Japan one of the longest design protection terms globally.

## Filing via Hague Agreement

Foreign counsel can designate Japan in a Hague Agreement (1999 Geneva Act) international application. Filing process:

1. **File international application with WIPO:** Designate Japan as a contracting party. Single application, single fee, single language (English).
2. **WIPO formal examination:** Within 6 months of publication.
3. **Japan national phase:** The JPO substantively examines the design. Office actions are common and require local counsel.
4. **Grant and registration:** Japan-specific registration is recorded.

| Aspect | Direct Filing | Hague Filing |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Initial language | Japanese only | English/Spanish/French |
| Filing fee | ¥16,000 | CHF 397 base + per-country |
| Examination duration | 6-8 months | 6-12 months (Japan phase) |
| Local counsel needed | For filing | Only for office actions |
| Best for | Single-country Japan strategy | Multi-country portfolios |

## Special Design Types

### Partial Design (部分意匠)

Partial design allows you to claim only a portion of an article. The application shows the claimed portion in solid lines and the unclaimed portion (article boundary context) in broken lines. This is powerful for designs where the key visual feature is one element — for example, a distinctive heel of a shoe or the speaker grille of a phone.

### Related Design (関連意匠)

Related design is unique to Japan. After filing a principal design, you can file related designs that are similar variations under one principal. The 2020 reform extended the related design filing window from "within 8 months of principal publication" to "within 10 years of principal filing date," dramatically expanding strategic options.

**Strategic Use:** Use related design to build a "design family" around a successful product. Each related design strengthens the principal and creates broader market exclusion. Example: a flagship car model can be protected by 5-10 related designs covering different angles, trim levels, and special editions.

### Graphic Image Design

Since 2020, standalone GUI/icon designs are protectable even without being displayed on a specific article. This is essential for SaaS, mobile apps, and IoT products.

## Examination Process

1. **Filing:** Submit application with drawings (6 views: front, back, top, bottom, left, right; perspective optional).
2. **Formality examination (1-2 months):** Check for completeness.
3. **Substantive examination (6-8 months from filing):** Examiner reviews novelty, distinctiveness, and similarity to prior designs.
4. **Office action (if rejection):** Respond within 3 months (60-day extension available).
5. **Registration:** Pay 1st year fee at allowance.
6. **Publication:** Design is published in the Design Gazette upon registration.

## Enforcement & Damages

Japan design patents are enforced through the IP High Court (IPHC) and District Courts. Key enforcement features:

- **Similarity test:** Infringement covers identical AND similar designs (broader than pure copy).
- **Presumption of damages:** Article 39 provides lost-profit calculation based on infringer's sales.
- **Injunctions:** Available without showing irreparable harm.
- **Customs detention:** Japan Customs actively detains infringing imports.
- **Criminal enforcement:** Willful infringement is criminal (up to 10 years imprisonment or ¥10M fine).

## 2020 Reform Updates

The 2020 Design Act reform (effective April 1, 2020) modernized the system:

| Change | Before | After |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Term | 20 years from registration | 25 years from filing |
| Related design window | 8 months | 10 years |
| Image design | Required article display | Standalone graphic protected |
| Building/interior | Not eligible | Eligible |
| Indirect infringement | Limited | Expanded scope |
| Damages calculation | Restrictive | Enhanced calculation methods |

Need Japan IP Support?

Quote within 24 hours · English/Chinese/Korean/German/French/Spanish/Portuguese

[Request a Quote](https://www.evorix.jp/en/inquiry)[Service Overview](https://www.evorix.jp/en/foreign-counsel)

## Frequently Asked Questions

Q. What is a Japan design patent?

A. Japan design patents (意匠権/ishoken) protect the visual appearance of articles — shape, pattern, color, or combination. Granted under the Design Act (意匠法), they last 25 years from filing date.

Q. Can I file a Japan design via the Hague Agreement?

A. Yes. Japan joined the Hague Agreement in May 2015. You can designate Japan in a single international application via WIPO, then prosecute the Japanese phase.

Q. What is a "related design" (関連意匠)?

A. Related design is a unique Japanese institution allowing variations of a principal design to be registered under one principal. Variations need only be similar to the principal, not novel. Filing window: within 10 years of principal design filing date (extended by 2020 reform).

Q. What is a "partial design" (部分意匠)?

A. Partial design protects only a portion of an article — for example, just the camera bezel area of a phone. Solid lines show the claimed part; dotted lines show the article boundaries.

Q. How long does Japan design examination take?

A. Typically 6-8 months to first action. Examiners check for novelty, distinctiveness, and similarity to prior designs. Office actions are common; response strategy mirrors patent prosecution.

## Related Resources

[Foreign Counsel Hub Complete Japan IP service overview](https://www.evorix.jp/en/foreign-counsel)[Japan Utility Model When UM beats design patent](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-utility-model-foreign-counsel-guide)[Fashion Industry LP Design strategy for fashion brands](https://www.evorix.jp/en/fashion-foreign-counsel)

## Related posts

[![](https://www.evorix.jp/hs-fs/hubfs/EVORIX-logo-rich.png?height=200&name=EVORIX-logo-rich.png)](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-utility-model-foreign-counsel-guide)

## [Japan Utility Model: When Should Foreign Counsel File?](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-utility-model-foreign-counsel-guide)

![Picture of Takefumi Sugiura – Japanese Patent Attorney](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/4ef5aa3d824852243e3f9a0ef7c7a511) [Takefumi Sugiura – Japanese Patent Attorney](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/author/takefumi-sugiura-japanese-patent-attorney) 

 2026/05/24

Japanese utility models (実用新案) offer foreign counsel a fast, low-cost registration option for...

[Read more](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-utility-model-foreign-counsel-guide)

[![](https://www.evorix.jp/hs-fs/hubfs/AI-Generated%20Media/Images/The%20image%20depicts%20a%20modern%20office%20setting%20with%20sleek%20minimalistic%20furniture%20A%20large%20glass%20window%20allows%20natural%20light%20to%20flood%20the%20space%20casting%20soft%20shadows%20on%20the%20polished%20wooden%20floor%20In%20the%20foreground%20a%20contemporary%20desk%20is%20adorned%20with%20a%20laptop.jpeg?height=200&name=The%20image%20depicts%20a%20modern%20office%20setting%20with%20sleek%20minimalistic%20furniture%20A%20large%20glass%20window%20allows%20natural%20light%20to%20flood%20the%20space%20casting%20soft%20shadows%20on%20the%20polished%20wooden%20floor%20In%20the%20foreground%20a%20contemporary%20desk%20is%20adorned%20with%20a%20laptop.jpeg)](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-foreign-counsel)

## [Japan Design Patent for Foreign Counsel: Filing, Cost & Strategy Guide 2026](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-foreign-counsel)

![Picture of 弁理士 杉浦健文](https://www.evorix.jp/hs-fs/hubfs/top-profile-pic-sugiura-1.jpg?width=50&name=top-profile-pic-sugiura-1.jpg) 弁理士 杉浦健文 

 2026/05/23

For foreign IP counsel protecting product designs in Japan, the Japanese design patent system...

[Read more](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-foreign-counsel)

[![](https://www.evorix.jp/hs-fs/hubfs/EVORIX-logo-rich.png?height=200&name=EVORIX-logo-rich.png)](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-patent-annuity-service-guide)

## [Japan Patent Annuity Service: Complete Guide for Foreign Counsel](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-patent-annuity-service-guide)

![Picture of Takefumi Sugiura – Japanese Patent Attorney](https://app.hubspot.com/settings/avatar/4ef5aa3d824852243e3f9a0ef7c7a511) [Takefumi Sugiura – Japanese Patent Attorney](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/author/takefumi-sugiura-japanese-patent-attorney) 

 2026/05/24

For foreign IP counsel managing Japanese patent portfolios, annuity (maintenance fee) management is...

[Read more](https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-patent-annuity-service-guide)

---

[![知的財産事務所エボリクス/EVORIX/大阪/特許・商標・意匠登](https://www.evorix.jp/hs-fs/hubfs/%E7%9F%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A3%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%20(500%20%C3%97%20250%20px).png?width=500&height=250&name=%E7%9F%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A3%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%20(500%20%C3%97%20250%20px).png "知的財産事務所エボリクス/EVORIX/大阪/特許・商標・意匠登")](https://www.evorix.jp)

Intellectual Property Law Firm EVORIX

 

4th Floor, Qus-Hiranomachi Building,  
3-1-2 Hiranomachi, Chuo-Ku, Osaka-shi,  
Osaka 541-0046 Japan

Mail: [contact@evorix.jp](mailto:contact@evorix.jp)

TEL: +81-6-7777-1884

- [Hague International Design Application](https://www.evorix.jp/hague-design-application)
- [Madrid Protocol International Trademark Application](https://www.evorix.jp/madrid-protocol-trademark)
- [Amazon IP Infringement Support](https://www.evorix.jp/amazon-infringement)

- [About Us](https://www.evorix.jp/about)
- [Our Attorneys](https://www.evorix.jp/staff)
- [Services](https://www.evorix.jp/contents)
- [Consultation Process](https://www.evorix.jp/consultation)
- [Blog](https://www.evorix.jp/blog)
- [Careers](https://www.evorix.jp/recruit)
- [Trademark Portfolio](https://www.evorix.jp/trademark-list)
- [Privacy Policy](https://www.evorix.jp/hubfs/%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99/HP-%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC.pdf)
- [Contact](https://www.evorix.jp/inquiry)

---

 

Copyright © 2026, Intellectual Property Law Firm EVORIX® All rights reserved. 

```json
{
  "@context" : "https://schema.org",
  "@type" : "BlogPosting",
  "author" : {
    "@type" : "Person",
    "name" : "Takefumi Sugiura – Japanese Patent Attorney",
    "url" : "https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/author/takefumi-sugiura-japanese-patent-attorney"
  },
  "dateModified" : "2026-05-24T01:12:00.297Z",
  "datePublished" : "2026-05-24T01:12:00.000Z",
  "headline" : "Japan Design Patent (Isho) for Foreign Counsel | EVORIX",
  "image" : [ "https://www.evorix.jp/hubfs/EVORIX-logo-rich.png" ],
  "mainEntityOfPage" : {
    "@id" : "https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel",
    "@type" : "WebPage"
  },
  "publisher" : {
    "@type" : "Organization",
    "logo" : {
      "@type" : "ImageObject",
      "url" : "https://www.evorix.jp/hubfs/%E7%9F%A5%E7%9A%84%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A3%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%20(500%20%C3%97%20250%20px).png"
    },
    "name" : "知的財産事務所エボリクス"
  }
}
```

```json
{
  "@context" : "https://schema.org",
  "@type" : "BlogPosting",
  "author" : {
    "@type" : "Person",
    "affiliation" : "EVORIX Intellectual Property Firm",
    "jobTitle" : "Patent Attorney",
    "name" : "Takefumi Sugiura"
  },
  "datePublished" : "2026-05-24",
  "description" : "Japan design patent (意匠/isho) guide: scope, Hague Agreement filing, partial design, related design, examination process, and 2020 reform changes.",
  "headline" : "Japan Design Patent (Isho): Foreign Counsel Filing Guide",
  "image" : "https://www.evorix.jp/hubfs/EVORIX-logo-rich.png",
  "mainEntityOfPage" : "https://www.evorix.jp/en/blog/japan-design-patent-isho-foreign-counsel",
  "publisher" : {
    "@type" : "Organization",
    "logo" : {
      "@type" : "ImageObject",
      "url" : "https://www.evorix.jp/hubfs/EVORIX-logo-rich.png"
    },
    "name" : "EVORIX"
  }
}
```

```json
{
  "@context" : "https://schema.org",
  "@type" : "FAQPage",
  "mainEntity" : [ {
    "@type" : "Question",
    "acceptedAnswer" : {
      "@type" : "Answer",
      "text" : "Japan design patents (意匠権/ishoken) protect the visual appearance of articles — shape, pattern, color, or combination. Granted under the Design Act (意匠法), they last 25 years from filing date."
    },
    "name" : "What is a Japan design patent?"
  }, {
    "@type" : "Question",
    "acceptedAnswer" : {
      "@type" : "Answer",
      "text" : "Yes. Japan joined the Hague Agreement in May 2015. You can designate Japan in a single international application via WIPO, then prosecute the Japanese phase."
    },
    "name" : "Can I file a Japan design via the Hague Agreement?"
  }, {
    "@type" : "Question",
    "acceptedAnswer" : {
      "@type" : "Answer",
      "text" : "Related design is a unique Japanese institution allowing variations of a principal design to be registered under one principal. Variations need only be similar to the principal, not novel. Filing window: within 10 years of principal design filing date (extended by 2020 reform)."
    },
    "name" : "What is a \"related design\" (関連意匠)?"
  }, {
    "@type" : "Question",
    "acceptedAnswer" : {
      "@type" : "Answer",
      "text" : "Partial design protects only a portion of an article — for example, just the camera bezel area of a phone. Solid lines show the claimed part; dotted lines show the article boundaries."
    },
    "name" : "What is a \"partial design\" (部分意匠)?"
  }, {
    "@type" : "Question",
    "acceptedAnswer" : {
      "@type" : "Answer",
      "text" : "Typically 6-8 months to first action. Examiners check for novelty, distinctiveness, and similarity to prior designs. Office actions are common; response strategy mirrors patent prosecution."
    },
    "name" : "How long does Japan design examination take?"
  } ]
}
```